Why EVs have to be standardized

Why EVs have to be standardized

Last week, the "General Requirements for Conductive Charging System for Electric Vehicles" and the "Communication Agreement between Non-vehicle Conductive Chargers and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles" passed the expert technical review organized by the China Electricity Council. Nearly two months ago, GB/T 20234 "Connecting Device for Conductive Charging of Electric Vehicles" has passed the review of experts of the Electric Vehicle Sub-Technical Committee of the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee. These five standards are the revised content of the new national standard for the charging pile interface. The review of the contents of the five standards means that the content of the new standard for the charging pile interface has been settled. Now, only the official release and implementation of the new standards are now in place.

Everyone knows that the charging pile standard needs to solve a unified problem. In the case where the previous standard is not clear, each manufacturer is going its own way. Even if a small number of charging piles are found, there will be cases where the hardware interface cannot be matched, or if the charging is still impossible. What problems can be solved by setting standards? This starts with the charging process.

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How is an electric car charged?

The charging process of electric vehicles is much more complicated than the charging of ordinary home appliances.

The first is the physical interface. This physical interface cannot be set casually. The charging power of electric vehicles is relatively large, and there are requirements for communication. Therefore, the interface for charging electric vehicles is much more complicated than that of ordinary outlets: not only the channels for transmitting current, but also the channels for communication. In addition, due to the large charging power, it is easy to cause problems in overcurrent transmission, resulting in overheating and fire. Therefore, there must be standards for this interface.

The specific size of the interface is standardized. Generally, there is no situation where it cannot be plugged in. However, it cannot be plugged in to indicate that it can be used normally. To use the interface normally, four major types of performance are required:

1. First, universality, see if the tolerances meet the standards, and whether different brands can be inserted;

2. The second is the mechanical structure;

3. Third, the characteristics of the materials of the interface itself, such as corrosion resistance, heat resistance and fire resistance;

4. Fourth, the motor test after receiving electricity.

Interface can be connected, but also to ensure that high temperature does not deform; in daily use, drop or collision will not affect the use of the latter to cause security risks; in the user's regular plug, there will be no problem of life; in the rolling through the vehicle It will not be damaged in the future; waterproof and dustproof should be done well so as not to be used in harsh environments; in the charging process, the temperature cannot rise too high; if it rises too high, even if the interface does not catch fire, it is dangerous to cause other things to catch fire. of.

Therefore, just a physical plug must also be formulated to meet the needs of normal use.

After the connection is made, charging between the electric car and the charging stand is not started directly. After the physical interface is connected, there must be a handshake agreement between the electric vehicle and the charging station.

This is the same as we do for the network connection. Above the physical layer, we have to prescribe the communication protocol standards for both parties. The two parties complete the communication and the charging between the electric vehicle and the charging station can begin.

In this communication protocol, the format of the message must be specified in advance, and which message represents what, so that the charging pile and the electric vehicle can recognize each other and start charging.

The communication itself is a very complicated thing. The signal transmitted is not only correct, but also has to be transmitted at a suitable rate. This new rule is to increase the speed regulation and ensure a normal handshake between different models and charging stations.

You can start the transmission by hand, but the transmission process is not simple. Because the current capacity of batteries in electric vehicles can be limited, it also requires communication between the battery management system of the electric vehicle and the charging pile. Both need to be coordinated to a suitable current intensity for charging. This process also requires standards, or the current is too large, not only to damage the battery, but also may cause security problems.

In the charging process, various problems may occur, such as battery problems, excessive temperatures, power grid problems, sudden surges of surges, problems with the battery management system of the charging pile or the electric vehicle, and failure of a signal. These problems may lead to risks, which require emergency measures for various unexpected failures. These measures also need to have uniform standards.

Finally, when the charging is completed, the power is turned off in a timely manner to avoid battery damage or danger caused by overcharging, and a prescribed communication is also required to send out a termination signal, and it is also necessary to respond to a possible failure.

Therefore, the entire process of charging an electric vehicle from the physical connection of the interface to the completion of the charging is a rather complicated process. In this process, not only the problem of charging and discharging but also safety issues will arise.

Because the charging current of electric vehicles is very large, it is easy to overheat and cause fire. The energy of the battery pack of the electric vehicle is also very large. Once the problem occurs, the consequences can be disastrous.

Therefore, whether it is from the perspective of compatibility or security considerations, there must be detailed standards to regulate the charging of electric vehicles so that normal and safe use can be guaranteed.

Where is the focus of standardization for electric vehicle charging?

The standardization of electric vehicle charging should first solve the compatibility problem, and the second is the safety issue.

In terms of compatibility, involving the three parts of the power grid, charging piles and electric vehicles, the transformation cost of the power grid is too large, and the situation of the power grids in each area is different. Therefore, the focus of the standardization work on the power grid should be compatible, and the major power grids across the country should be The power supply situation is clear, and the charging standards formulated should be adapted to the situation of the power grids across the country.

In the charging piles and electric vehicles, the standards need to be refined so that the charging pile companies and electric vehicle companies have enough constraints to regulate the products. The more restrictions, the lower the probability of problems and compatibility problems. The smaller.

In terms of security, it focuses on two aspects. One is the performance of the overcharge and charging interface. The overcharge must take into account the most critical BMS (battery management system) security protection function, and it must be clear what the BMS should have in the end. Fault diagnosis and alarm functions in addition to charging facilities and monitoring systems,

In terms of interfaces, one is the performance specification of the interface itself, and the other is that after a long-term contact, it is found that it may lead to poor contact, put forward more stringent test methods and specifications, and further improve security.

In addition, electric vehicles and charging piles will also have an impact on the power grid. The power supply surges that occur on the grid and how electric vehicles and charging piles should respond. The impact of electric vehicles and charging piles on the grid and other electrical appliances in the grid should also be regulated.

In short, there is no rule and no circle. Because the battery capacity of the electric vehicle is large and charging time is required, this makes the charging process extremely complicated. To ensure compatibility and safety, strict and detailed standards must be established. At present, many electric vehicles are incompatible with the charging piles (BYD's charging piles cannot be filled with Beiqi's electric vehicles), and some safety accidents in electric vehicles (charging in charging) are largely caused by inadequate specifications.

In the development of new energy vehicles, the standardization of charging is not a milestone. The more detailed, more standardized, and more comprehensive the designation of the standard, the faster the development of new energy vehicles will be.




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