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What is angle steel, the purpose of angle steel, the classification of angle steel
Angle steel is a versatile structural component that can be used in various load-bearing applications depending on the specific needs of a structure. It also serves as a connecting element between different parts of a framework. Widely utilized in both building and engineering structures, it finds application in beams, bridges, transmission towers, lifting equipment, ships, industrial furnaces, reaction towers, container racks, cable trench supports, power piping, busbar supports, and warehouse shelves.
As a carbon structural steel commonly used in construction, angle steel must possess good weldability, formability, and sufficient mechanical strength. The raw material used for production is a low-carbon square billet, and the finished product is typically delivered in hot-rolled or normalized conditions.
There are two main types of angle steel: equal-leg (equal-sided) and unequal-leg (unequal-sided). Among unequal-leg angle steel, there are further subdivisions based on whether the thickness of the legs is the same or different.
The specifications of angle steel are indicated by the side length and thickness. In China, common specifications range from 2 to 20 centimeters, with the side length measured in centimeters. Each size usually comes in 2 to 7 different thicknesses. Imported angle steel, on the other hand, specifies the exact dimensions and thickness of both sides along with relevant standards. Large-angle steel has a side length of 12.5 cm or more, medium-sized ranges from 12.5 cm down to 5 cm, and small-sized ones are below 5 cm.
The import and export of angle steel are generally based on the required specifications, with the steel grade corresponding to standard carbon steel grades. Unlike some other steel products, angle steel does not have a specific composition or performance series beyond its size. The delivery length is available in fixed lengths or double lengths. In China, fixed-length angle steel ranges from 3–9 meters, 4–12 meters, 4–19 meters, and 6–19 meters, depending on the size. Japanese manufacturers typically produce angle steel ranging from 6 to 15 meters in length.
For unequal-leg angle steel, the section height is calculated based on the longer leg's width. This type of steel features an angular cross-section with unequal side lengths, making it suitable for specialized applications. Its dimensions range from 25 mm × 16 mm up to 200 mm × 125 mm, and it is manufactured using a hot rolling mill.
Common specifications for unequal-leg angle steel include ∟50×32 up to ∟200×125, with thicknesses ranging from 4 mm to 18 mm. Due to its flexibility and strength, unequal-leg angle steel is widely used in metal structures, bridges, machinery, shipbuilding, and various civil engineering projects such as beams, transmission towers, cranes, industrial furnaces, and warehouse shelving systems.