Is the steel industry the "culprit" of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei?

“The essence of the air pollution problem in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is environmental overload. In Hebei, the crude steel production capacity is about 280 million tons. At present, the actual steel production is about 180 million tons, and there are more than 90 million tons of cement production and 5000. More than 10,000 kilowatts of thermal power installed capacity, the production of these industries contains a large amount of energy consumption and raw material transportation. Therefore, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei air pollution problem must be fundamentally resolved, and must be regional industrial structure and layout, scale adjustment. "World environment day is approaching, it is Beijing, Tianjin and air pollution problems, environmental protection and energy conservation status of the steel industry and the future direction of development, steel environmental experts, Beijing Beijing Jiayu environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd. General Manager Yang Xiaodong received" China Metallurgical gold report, "China steel News network interview with reporters.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei air pollution is complicated

In recent years, the air pollution problem in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has increasingly threatened the physical and mental health of the people. In this year's government work report, Premier Li Keqiang particularly emphasized that it is necessary to win the blue sky defense war.

Hebei Province is a large steel province. In the air pollution of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the steel industry has been criticized. So, is the steel industry the “culprit” of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei?

In this regard, Yang Xiaodong said: "The causes of air pollution are very complicated, mainly depending on the amount of pollutants discharged and meteorological conditions. In the discharge of pollutants, there are industrial production, but also transportation and construction; In terms of industrial production, it depends on the pollutant emissions and emission characteristics of various industries. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the emission characteristics and methods of steel, thermal power and cement production are similar, and there are elevated Organized emissions also have low surface source emissions. From the perspective of emission characteristics, steel mills have long production processes and more exhaust gas sources, while thermal power plants and cement plants have relatively simple production processes and fewer sources of pollution. The impact of 200 m of high chimney emissions and 50 m of low chimney emissions on the surface air is definitely different."

"The detection height of air quality is 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters, which is the height of human breathing zone. At this detection height, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by various industries account for a certain proportion. It can be said that each industry will Air pollution is caused to a certain extent. Under different meteorological conditions, the main cause of haze is not the same. Therefore, it cannot be said in general which industry causes the most pollution." Yang Xiaodong further explained.

Regarding the air pollution problem in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yang Xiaodong said: "Now, China's environmental protection standards are stricter than those of foreign countries. Because we do not have environmental capacity, we have to formulate more stringent emission standards. In fact, exhaust pollutants emitted by foreign steel mills. The concentration is not so low, but it can be self-purified through environmental self-purification ability. But China is different. The fundamental problem of air pollution control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is not the lack of environmental pollution control technology, but the carrying capacity of our air and water bodies has exceeded the limit. Even if environmental standards are raised, it is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei because the total base is too high."

Yang Xiaodong believes that to solve the problem of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, de-capacity is an important aspect, but it should not be limited to the steel industry. "Some people understand the ability to go to steel, I don't agree. China's economic and social development to this day, China's steel has played an irreplaceable role, and will continue to play an important supporting role in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Under the situation that China's economic development has entered a new normal state and the supply-side structural reform has been implemented, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should accelerate the adjustment of the industrial structure, scale and layout from the perspective of the coordinated development of the state and the region. For regional environmental issues, To do a top-level design for multi-objective constraint integration, use policy to guide," he said.

The key to environmental protection is still the change of business concept

In the past few years, Yang Xiaodong has visited many steel companies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. He believes that the overall level of energy conservation and environmental protection of iron and steel enterprises has greatly improved. However, there are still differences between different companies, manifested in the level of equipment and management. "Comparatively, some private enterprises have poor equipment and management levels, and there are still many areas for improvement in raw materials fields and slag disposal sites," said Yang Xiaodong.

Yang Xiaodong pointed out that a prominent problem in the current environmental protection of iron and steel enterprises is that some steel companies cannot guarantee the simultaneous operation of environmental protection facilities and production facilities, and there is a phenomenon of smuggling. "Now the environmental protection department went to the site to inspect, it is not the company's environmental protection facilities, but mainly to check the operation of the company's environmental protection facilities and whether the company has stolen and data fraud," he said.

In this regard, Yang Xiaodong believes that only when the business operators' ideas and business methods are changed can the green development of steel enterprises be realized. “The production of pollution in steel production has intermittent and paroxysmal characteristics, and the concentration of pollutants varies greatly. The operating cost of environmental protection facilities is not a small expense. How to achieve fine operation and management is the key. Like Hegang Enterprises such as the Group, Taigang Group and Baowu Group have an environmental protection operation cost of more than 150 yuan per ton of steel. Among them, Baosteel Baosteel's steel products have more deep processing procedures, and the operating costs of environmental protection facilities will be higher. At the same time, the environmental protection cost of some enterprises is less than 50 yuan / ton of steel, and the environmental protection investment is obviously insufficient. These enterprises think that as long as the chimney mouth meets the emission standards, this is not enough." Yang Xiaodong pointed out that "to achieve the greening of steel enterprises, First of all, we must realize the greening of the concept of business operators."

Steel industry energy conservation and emission reduction efforts

"Iron and steel industry adjustment and upgrade planning (2016 ~ 2020)," he pointed out that "five-second" period, energy consumption per ton focus on medium-sized enterprises (equivalent to standard coal) decreased from 605 kg to 572 kg; "Thirteen Five" During the period, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel will drop from 572 kg to 560 kg.

In this regard, Yang Xiaodong commented that the energy conservation level of the steel industry has made great progress. During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, it is possible to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel to below 560 kg, but to achieve this goal, the steel industry still has a lot of work to do.

“At present, the existing large-scale energy-saving equipment has matured and is being popularized among steel companies at a very fast speed. These equipments can reduce costs, so the enthusiasm of enterprises is high. One-third of the cost of the steel industry is energy cost. At present, there is not much room for tapping potential to reduce energy consumption from management. In the future, the steel industry should further reduce energy consumption and production costs, and should further improve the utilization level of waste energy, accelerate the adjustment of process equipment structure and adjustment of raw material structure. Yang Xiaodong pointed out.

“For example, in terms of secondary energy recovery, large-scale energy-saving technologies CDQ (dry quenching) and TRT (blast furnace gas residual power generation) have been widely used, while high-temperature and high-pressure CDQ and dry TRT are higher than normal temperature and normal pressure CDQ. And the wet TRT has better energy-saving effect. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the development of the sinter waste heat recovery tank recovery technology and the coke oven waste gas waste heat recovery technology. In terms of process equipment structure and raw material structure adjustment, 80% of the blast furnace charge is now sintered. Mine (grade is 55%), 20% is pellets (grade is above 60%). If we try to replace the sintering machine with large pellet equipment as much as possible, use pellets in the blast furnace and put the grade from 55 When the % is increased to more than 60%, the blast furnace coke ratio will be reduced, and the energy consumption of the entire iron pre-process will decrease. Iron and steel enterprises have a lot of potential to reduce energy consumption in this respect." Yang Xiaodong said.

Handle the relationship between development and environmental protection

During the interview, Yang Xiaodong has been emphasizing to the reporters of China Metallurgical News and China Steel News Network that the production capacity is not to go to steel, but steel is still to be developed, but it is not scale development, but circular development, low carbon development and ECO development. He believes that China's steel industry has broad prospects for development in the fields of industrialization and urbanization in the fields of steel structure construction, customized manufacturing, complete processing, and eco-industrial and recycling industries.

For the steel industry, investing in energy-saving equipment can generate economic benefits, while strengthening environmental protection is more about increasing costs, resulting in environmental and social benefits. Chinese theme of this year's World Environment Day is "Guanghui is the Jinshan Silver Hill." For the steel industry in the transformation and upgrading, the relationship between industrial development and ecological environmental protection must be properly handled.

Yang Xiaodong believes that participating in the construction of circular economy has become an important part of the circular economy and a necessary way for the future development of iron and steel enterprises. “For example, in the 1960s and 1970s, the environmental contradiction in the Japanese steel industry was very prominent, which also stimulated the development of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly technologies in the Japanese steel industry. Now, in addition to selling steel products, the Japanese steel industry has exported a lot to overseas. Energy-saving and environmentally-friendly technologies have achieved considerable benefits. At the same time, Japanese steel companies have recycled a large amount of urban waste, including scrapped automobiles, home appliances and waste plastics, to form a recycling industry. In China, Baosteel, represented by Baowu Group, was proposed in 2009. The environmental management strategy identifies three major tasks: green manufacturing, green products and green industries. Among them, the green industry integrates energy conservation and environmental protection technology resources, expands the scope of technology application, and realizes commercial value through the development of environmental industries. Overall, China Iron and steel enterprises have independently developed some technologies in environmental protection, but they have not yet formed an industry and have not formed a new economic growth point. In this respect, we can learn from the experience of Japan and Europe," he said.

“The most important thing is that the steel industry must achieve a win-win situation for development and environmental protection, and must do a top-level design.” Yang Xiaodong said, “The steel industry is now entering a new period of development. To achieve green development, production development and energy conservation must be Coal control, low carbon, emission reduction, comprehensive utilization and other full integration, overall optimization, the development of integrated solutions under multi-objective constraints, and can not be separated and resolved separately, of which coal control is the top design." Yang Xiaodong finally stressed .