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In order to ensure the safety of the ship, a new ship is required to conduct trial and indoor tests before birth.
In the past, testing a new ship was a risky endeavor. 150 years ago, the only way to assess a vessel's performance was to send it out to sea. If the ship was reliable, it would return safely and begin regular operations. However, if any issues arose, the ship might never come back, and often, the cause of failure remained unknown. For thousands of years, sailors relied solely on their accumulated experience, with every lesson learned at great cost in human lives.
(Picture) Whether it’s a modern large-scale ship equipped with advanced technology or a simple wooden boat, the principle of floating on water remains the same. In the 1870s, a revolutionary method emerged: testing model ships in indoor pools. These tests provided crucial data for hull design and engine selection—something unimaginable in ancient shipbuilding. Each ship creates waves as it moves through the water, and the size of these waves can indicate how much power is being used to overcome wave resistance.
When a ship reaches a certain speed, the wave resistance suddenly increases. Beyond this critical speed, more fuel or engine power is needed to maintain progress. This optimal speed varies depending on the ship's length and shape. A long, narrow hull reduces wave resistance but increases construction costs. Before finalizing the design or selecting the engine, engineers must conduct model tests to determine wave resistance and choose the most efficient hull shape and engine.
One of the most important tests in the pool is the synchronization test. If a large ship experiences motion—whether rolling from side to side or pitching forward and backward—it does so at its natural frequency. When ocean waves match this frequency, resonance occurs, causing the ship to roll violently and potentially capsize.
In an indoor test tank, engineers can adjust wave frequency and size to simulate real conditions. By increasing the ship’s length, they can reduce pitching problems. Such experiments are vital because they help identify potential design flaws early on, allowing for necessary adjustments before the ship is built. Other anti-synchronization techniques include using a rotating gyro stabilizer to improve balance, or fixed fins near the bow that counteract pitching movements. These innovations, refined through model testing, ensure a ship can sail safely even in rough seas.
(Figure) The indoor test pool plays a crucial role in evaluating a ship's seaworthiness, ensuring safety and efficiency on the open ocean.