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Application of synthetic materials valves
Synthetic valves have proven to be superior to metal valves in many harsh and corrosive environments. They are primarily valued for their corrosion resistance, followed by their lightweight nature. The mechanical strength of these valves largely depends on the design, alignment, and fiber content within the composite structure. Generally, the higher the fiber percentage, the greater the structural integrity of the material. In valve applications, the fiber content typically ranges between 30% and 40% by weight.
The chemical stability of synthetic valves is mainly achieved through the resin potting process, which ensures the body’s durability and resistance to aggressive media. The type of polymer used—whether thermoplastic or thermosetting—plays a key role in determining the final performance. Common thermoplastics include PVC-PVDF, PPS-PPS, while thermosetting resins such as polyester, epoxy, and vinyl ester are also widely used. Thermosetting resins generally maintain their strength at higher temperatures compared to thermoplastics, as they possess a higher heat distortion temperature—a critical factor when evaluating thermal performance under service conditions.
Currently, the most commonly used synthetic materials for chemical process valves are vinyl esters reinforced with glass or graphite fibers. These fibers, typically around ¼ inch in length, enhance the mechanical properties of the composite. A comparison table shows that while synthetic materials may have lower tensile strength than metals like 316SS or Hastelloy C, they offer significant advantages in terms of weight, corrosion resistance, and long-term performance in aggressive environments.
Due to their lower tensile strength compared to metals, synthetic valves often require thicker walls and additional stiffeners in high-stress areas to match the mechanical performance of traditional metallic valves. Despite this, their combination of corrosion resistance, light weight, and high strength makes them an economical and efficient alternative in many piping systems where metals or fiberglass-reinforced plastics would otherwise be used.
In the chemical processing industry, synthetic valves are showing great promise. The valve industry has moved beyond the traditional distinction between metal and non-metal materials. Today, advanced materials such as ceramics (capable of withstanding temperatures above 1200°C), plastics (with excellent anti-corrosion properties), synthetic composites (offering corrosion resistance, light weight, and high strength), and even shape-memory alloys (which can change shape based on temperature) are being explored for use in valve designs.
These new materials are enabling the development of high-performance valves tailored for specific applications. With ongoing advancements in material science and engineering, the range of materials available for valve manufacturing continues to expand, opening up new possibilities for innovation and efficiency in the industry.
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Application of synthetic materials valves