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Huazhong CNC system software structure
The software architecture of the Huazhong CNC system is illustrated in Figure 1. Below the dashed line, we find the "bottom software," which serves as the foundational platform of the system. This layer includes two key modules: RTM (Real-Time Multitask Management) and NCBIOS (Numerical Control Basic Input/Output System), collectively referred to as NCBASE. The RTM module is a self-developed real-time multitasking scheduler responsible for managing and scheduling tasks within the CNC system. It uses a priority-based preemptive scheduling mechanism combined with time-slice rotation to ensure efficient task execution. The NCBIOS module acts as the basic input/output system, handling all external control objects such as device drivers, position control, PLC functions, interpolation calculations, and internal monitoring.
Above the dashed line lies the process control software, also known as the upper-layer software. This part contains user-facing functionalities such as program editing, parameter setting, program decoding, PLC management, MDI (Manual Data Input), and fault display. The differences between various CNC systems are primarily reflected at this level, where additional or removed features are implemented. All upper-layer modules communicate with the lower layer through NCBASE’s NCBIOS interface.
Figure 2 shows the multitasking scheduling mechanism implemented by the RTM module. The core consists of a clock interrupt service routine and a task scheduler. Tasks are managed based on their priority and status, ensuring that only one task runs at a time. Solid lines in the diagram represent transitions from the scheduler to a task or back after a time slice, while dotted lines indicate tasks currently running within their allocated time slice.
In addition to real-time multitasking, NCBASE provides essential functionalities such as device driver support, position control, interpolation, PLC scheduling, and internal monitoring. For example, the system supports different hardware configurations by allowing users to define device drivers in the NCBIOS.CFG file. When the system starts, it loads the appropriate drivers based on this configuration. Position control involves receiving commands from the interpolation module, compensating for pitch and transmission errors, and generating speed commands. The interpolator, which operates across four channels, handles complex motion paths like straight lines, arcs, and free-form curves. PLC scheduling manages critical operations such as emergency stops, tool life tracking, and panel input processing. Finally, internal monitoring ensures continuous oversight of system health and fault detection.
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