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Huazhong CNC system software structure
The software architecture of the Huazhong CNC system is illustrated in Figure 1. Below the dashed line, this section is referred to as the bottom software, which serves as the foundational platform for the entire system. It includes two core modules: RTM (Real-Time Multitask Management) and NCBIOS (Numerical Control Basic Input/Output System), collectively known as NCBASE.
RTM is a self-developed real-time multitasking module responsible for managing and scheduling tasks within the CNC system. It ensures that all operations are executed efficiently by using a combination of priority-based preemption and time-slice rotation scheduling. The task scheduler works alongside an interrupt service routine to manage the execution flow of different tasks, ensuring that each task runs only under the control of the scheduling core.
NCBIOS acts as the basic input/output system, handling all external control components of the CNC system. It manages device drivers, position control, PLC functions, interpolation calculations, and internal monitoring. This module serves as a communication bridge between the upper-layer software and the hardware, enabling seamless interaction between different system components.
Above the dashed line lies the process control software, also known as the upper-layer software. This part includes user-facing functions such as program editing, parameter setting, program decoding, PLC management, MDI (Manual Data Input), and fault display. The functionality differences among various CNC systems are primarily found at this level, where additional features or modifications can be implemented without affecting the lower-level modules.
Figure 2 illustrates the multitasking scheduling mechanism. The solid lines represent transitions between the scheduling core and the running tasks, while the dotted lines indicate tasks that are still in their allocated time slice. This visual representation highlights how the system manages task execution and context switching effectively.
In addition to these core functions, NCBASE supports device driver configuration through the NCBIOS.CFG file, allowing the system to adapt to different hardware setups. Position control, interpolation, and PLC scheduling are all integrated into the NCBIOS, ensuring precise and reliable operation of the CNC system. Internal monitoring further enhances system stability by detecting and reporting faults in real time.
Overall, the modular design of the Huazhong CNC system provides flexibility, scalability, and high performance, making it suitable for a wide range of machining applications.