SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

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SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

Understanding the chemical composition of SAE 1045 steel is crucial as it directly influences the mechanical properties of the material. The following table provides an overview of its chemical composition:

Table of Contents

  • Chemical Composition of SAE 1045 Steel
  • Weldability of ASTM 1045 Steel
  • Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steel - Cold Drawn
  • Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191 Steel
  • Comparison: SAE 1045 Steel vs. 4140 Steel
  • Properties of Quenched and Tempered SAE 1045 Steel
  • Equivalent Grades of AISI 1045 Steel
  • Thermal Properties of SAE 1045 Steel
  • Tolerances of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
  • Annealing Process of CK45 Steel
  • Quality Assurance for Steel 1045
  • Corrosion Resistance of AISI 1045 Steel
  • Electrical Characteristics of JIS S45C Steel
  • Applications of SAE 1045 Steel

Chemical Composition of SAE 1045 Steel

Grade C Si Mn P S
1045 0.43-0.50 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 ≤0.04 ≤0.05

AISI 1045 Steel Offers Excellent Weldability, Machinability, and High Strength

One of the key advantages of AISI 1045 steel is its excellent weldability, which allows for high-quality welds that are strong, durable, and safe. Proper welding procedures can prevent damage such as cracks, making it ideal for applications requiring significant structural integrity.

Additionally, its good machinability means it can be cut with minimal tools, resulting in a superior surface finish with tight tolerances. This efficiency leads to faster production times and reduced manufacturing costs.

Finally, its high strength properties make it both safer and more durable, suitable for construction and applications where heavy loads and harsh conditions are present.

Weldability of ASTM 1045 Steel

SAE 1045 Steel Weldability

Aspect Details
Welding Conditions Proper welding techniques are required for successful joining.
Electrodes Use low-hydrogen electrodes to minimize defects.
Pre-heating Pre-heat the workpiece to 200°C – 300°C (392°F – 572°F).
Welding Temperature Maintain pre-heat temperature throughout the welding process.
Cooling Cool the material slowly using sand or ash to manage the cooling rate.
Stress Relief Perform stress relief at 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F).

Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steel - Cold Drawn

Mechanical Properties Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell B Hardness, Vickers Tensile Strength, Yield Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) Reduction of Area Poisson’s Ratio Modulus of Elasticity Bulk Modulus Shear Modulus
Metric 184 84 170 310 MPa 565 MPa 16.00% 40.00% 0.29 200 GPa 140 GPa 80 GPa
Imperial 184 84 170 45000 psi 81900 psi 16.00% 40.00% 0.29 29000 ksi 20300 ksi 11600 ksi

DIN 1.1191 Steel is Typically Available in Black Hot Rolled or Normalized Forms

Normalized condition offers several benefits, including enhanced mechanical properties, reduced internal stress, improved machinability, and refined grain structure, making it a preferred choice for many applications.

Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191 Steel

Process Heating Temperature Cooling Method
Forging 850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F) Cool in a furnace
Annealing 800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F) Cool in a furnace
Normalizing 870°C – 920°C (1598°F – 1688°F) Cool in still air
Stress-Relieving 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F) Cool in still air
Hardening 820°C – 850°C (1508°F – 1562°F) Quench in water or brine
Tempering 400°C – 650°C (752°F – 1202°F) Cool in still air

SAE 1045 Steel vs. 4140 Steel

SAE 1045 Steel vs. 4140 Steel

Property SAE 1045 Steel SAE 4140 Steel
Type Carbon Steel Alloy Steel
Carbon Content 0.43-0.50% 0.40%
Manganese Content 0.60-0.90% 0.75-1.00%
Chromium None Present
Molybdenum None Present
Iron (Fe) 98.51-98.98% 96.79-97.78%
Phosphorus (P, max) 0.04% 0.035%
Sulfur (S, max) 0.05% 0.040%
Strength Good strength and impact resistance Superior hardness and toughness
Common Uses Machinery parts, automotive components Axles, gears, shafts
Characteristics Moderate hardness and strength Enhanced wear resistance and toughness

Properties of Quenched and Tempered SAE 1045 Steel

Section Size (mm) Up to 16mm 17-44 mm 41-100 mm
Tensile Strength (MPa) 700-850 650-800 630-780
Yield Strength (MPa) 500 430 370
Impact Charpy (J) 30 30 30
Elongation in 50 mm (%) 14 16 7
Hardness (HB) 210-245 195-235 185-230

Explore the Equivalent Grades of Steel 1045

The following equivalent grades of Steel 1045 provide insight into how this material is categorized under different international standards.

Equivalent Grades of AISI 1045 Steel

Country USA British Japan Australia
Standard ASTM A29 EN 10083-2 JIS G051 AS 1442
Grades 1045 C45/1.1191 S45C 1045

Thermal Properties of SAE 1045 Steel

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal Conductivity 51.9 W/mK 360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (@0.000-100°C/32-212°F) 11.2 µm/m°C 6.22 µm/m°C

Tolerances of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel

Surface Finish Black-Forged Turned Black-Rolled Peeled Ground Polished Cold Drawn
Tolerance (0, +5mm) (0, +3mm) (0, +1mm) Best H11 Best h9 Best h11 Best H11
Annealing Temperature for JIS S45C Grade Ranges From 790-870 °C

At these temperatures, the material softens, improving its machinability and enhancing its malleability. After annealing, the material is cooled gradually in a furnace to achieve the desired mechanical properties tailored to specific applications.

Annealing Process of CK45 Steel

Aspect Details
Purpose of Annealing Softens surface hardness for improved machinability
Annealing Temperature 820°C to 840°C
Holding Time Sufficient time at annealing temperature
Measured Surface Hardness Typically below 200 HBW (Brinell Hardness)

Quality Assurance for Steel 1045

  • Chemical analysis
  • Ultrasonic testing
  • Non-metallic inclusion inspection
  • Heat treatment process verification
  • Mechanical property assessment
  • Surface hardness evaluation
  • Grain size measurement
  • Forging ratio analysis
SAE 1045 Steel is Not Highly Resistant to Corrosion in Harsh Environments

This material tends to corrode easily when exposed to moisture or aggressive environments like acids and salts. To mitigate corrosion, additional protective coatings or regular maintenance are often necessary.

AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion Resistance of AISI 1045 Steel

Feature 1045 Steel
Primary Composition 0.45% Carbon, Iron
Corrosion Resistance Low
Protective Layer Does not form a protective chromium oxide layer
Exposure to Harsh Environments Prone to rust and corrosion in saltwater, acids, and bases
Maintenance Requirements Requires coating or treatment for better resistance
Typical Applications Structural components, machinery, automotive parts

Electrical Characteristics of JIS S45C Steel

Electrical Properties Metric English Comments
Electrical Resistivity 0.0000162 ohm-cm @ 0.000 °C 0.0000162 ohm-cm @ 32.0 °F Annealed specimen
0.0000223 ohm-cm @ 100 °C 0.0000223 ohm-cm @ 212 °F Annealed specimen

Applications of SAE 1045 Steel

Pins Gears Rams
Ratchets Bolts Light Gears
Rolls Shafts Sockets
Spindles Axles Worms
Crankshafts Studs Guide Rods
Torsion Bars Connecting Rods Hydraulic Clamps
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