SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

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sae 1045 steel chemical composition

Understanding the chemical composition of SAE 1045 steel is crucial as it directly impacts the mechanical properties of the material. The table below provides an overview of its key chemical composition:

Table of Contents

  • SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
  • Weldability of ASTM 1045 Steel
  • Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steel (Cold Drawn)
  • Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191
  • Comparison: SAE 1045 vs. 4140 Steel
  • Quenched and Tempered Properties of 1045 Steel
  • Equivalent Grades of AISI 1045
  • Thermal Characteristics of SAE 1045
  • Tolerances of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
  • Annealing of Ck45 Steel
  • Quality Assurance for Steel 1045
  • Corrosion Resistance of AISI 1045
  • Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel
  • Applications of SAE 1045 Steel

SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

Grade C Si Mn P S
1045 0.43-0.50 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 ≤0.04 ≤0.05

AISI 1045 Steel: Excellent Weldability, Machinability, and High Strength

One of the standout features of AISI 1045 steel is its excellent weldability. This allows for the creation of high-quality welds that are strong, durable, and safe, preventing potential damage due to cracks. This characteristic is particularly important in applications where structural integrity is critical.

The steel’s good machinability also plays a significant role in its popularity. It can be easily and quickly machined with minimal tools, resulting in superior surface finishes, tighter tolerances, and faster production times. These factors ultimately reduce manufacturing costs.

Additionally, the high strength properties of AISI 1045 make it ideal for use in demanding environments such as construction and structural applications where heavy loads and extreme conditions are present.

Weldability of ASTM 1045 Steel

sae 1045 steel weldability

Aspect Details
Welding Conditions AISI 1045 is readily welded if the proper procedures are followed.
Electrodes Low hydrogen electrodes should be used.
Pre-heating The workpiece should be pre-heated to 200°C – 300°C (392°F – 572°F).
Welding Temperature Ensure pre-heat temperature is maintained during welding.
Cooling Cooling should be controlled by slowly cooling in sand or ashes to manage the cooling rate.
Stress Relief Stress relief treatments should be performed at 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F).

Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steel (Cold Drawn)

Mechanical Properties Hardness (Brinell) Hardness (Rockwell B) Hardness (Vickers) Tensile Strength (Yield) Tensile Strength (Ultimate) Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) Reduction of Area Poisson's Ratio (Typical for Steel) Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for Steel) Bulk Modulus (Typical for Steel) Shear Modulus (Typical for Steel)
Metric 184 84 170 310 MPa 565 MPa 16.00% 40.00% 0.29 200 GPa 140 GPa 80 GPa
Imperial 184 84 170 45000 psi 81900 psi 16.00% 40.00% 0.29 29000 ksi 20300 ksi 11600 ksi

DIN 1.1191 Steel is Commonly Available in Black Hot Rolled or Normalized Forms

Normalized condition offers several advantages, including improved mechanical properties, reduced internal stress, enhanced machinability, and refined grain structure, making it a preferred choice for many applications.

Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191

Process Heating Temperature Cooling Method
Forging 850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F) Cool in a furnace
Annealing 800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F) Cool in a furnace
Normalizing 870°C – 920°C (1598°F – 1688°F) Cool in still air
Stress-Relieving 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F) Cool in still air
Hardening 820°C – 850°C (1508°F – 1562°F) Quench in water or brine
Tempering 400°C – 650°C (752°F – 1202°F) Cool in still air

Comparison: SAE 1045 vs. 4140 Steel

1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel

Property 1045 Steel 4140 Steel
Type Carbon Steel Alloy Steel
Carbon Content 0.43-0.50% 0.40%
Manganese Content 0.60-0.90% 0.75-1.00%
Chromium None Present
Molybdenum None Present
Iron (Fe) 98.51-98.98% 96.79-97.78%
Phosphorus (P, max) 0.04% 0.035%
Sulfur (S, max) 0.05% 0.040%
Strength Good strength and impact resistance Superior hardness and toughness
Common Uses Machinery parts, automotive components Axles, gears, shafts
Characteristics Moderate hardness and strength Enhanced wear resistance and toughness

Quenched and Tempered Properties of 1045 Steel

Section Size (mm) Up to 16mm 17-44 mm 41-100 mm
Tensile Strength (MPa) 700-850 650-800 630-780
Yield Strength (MPa) 500 430 370
Impact Charpy 30 30 30
Elongation in 50mm (%) 14 16 7
Hardness (HB) 210-245 195-235 185-230

Equivalent Grades of Steel 1045

The following table shows equivalent grades of Steel 1045 according to different national standards. Understanding these equivalents can help ensure compatibility across international projects.

Equivalent Grades of AISI 1045

Country USA British Japan Australia
Standard ASTM A29 EN 10083-2 JIS G051 AS 1442
Grades 1045 C45/1.1191 S45C 1045

Thermal Properties of SAE 1045

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal Conductivity 51.9 W/mK 360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (@0.000-100°C/32-212°F) 11.2 µm/m°C 6.22 µm/m°C

Tolerances of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel

Surface Finish Black-Forged Turned Black-Rolled Peeled Ground Polished Cold Drawn
Tolerance (0, +5mm) (0, +3mm) (0, +1mm) Best H11 Best h9 Best h11 Best H11
Annealing Temperature for JIS S45C Grade Ranges from 790-870°C

During annealing, the material softens, enhancing its machinability and malleability. After reaching the desired temperature range, the material is cooled gradually in a furnace to achieve the required mechanical properties for specific applications.

Annealing of Ck45 Steel

Aspect Details
Purpose of Annealing To soften the surface for improved machinability
Annealing Temperature 820°C to 840°C
Holding Time Sufficient time at annealing temperature
Measured Surface Hardness Typically below 200 HBW (Brinell Hardness)

Quality Assurance for Steel 1045

  • Chemical analysis
  • Ultrasonic testing
  • Non-metallic inclusion inspection
  • Heat treatment processes
  • Mechanical property evaluation
  • Surface hardness measurement
  • Grain size assessment
  • Forging ratio verification
SAE 1045 Steel Has Limited Corrosion Resistance in Harsh Environments

This steel grade is susceptible to corrosion when exposed to moisture or aggressive environments like acidic or alkaline conditions. To mitigate this issue, additional protective coatings or regular maintenance are often required to enhance its durability and longevity.

AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion Resistance of AISI 1045

Feature 1045 Steel
Primary Composition 0.45% Carbon, Iron
Corrosion Resistance Low
Protective Layer Does not form a protective chromium oxide layer
Exposure to Harsh Environments Prone to rust and corrosion in saltwater, acids, and bases
Maintenance Requirements Requires coating or treatment for better resistance
Typical Applications Structural components, machinery, automotive parts

Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel

Electrical Properties Metric English Comments
Electrical Resistivity 0.0000162 ohm-cm (Temperature 0.000°C) 0.0000162 ohm-cm (Temperature 32.0°F) For annealed specimens
0.0000223 ohm-cm (Temperature 100°C) 0.0000223 ohm-cm (Temperature 212°F) For annealed specimens

Applications of SAE 1045 Steel

Pins Gears Rams
Ratchets Bolts Light Gears
Rolls Shafts Sockets
Spindles Axles Worms
Crankshafts Studs Guide Rods
Torsion Bars Connecting Rods Hydraulic Clamps
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