904L stainless steel material

904L stainless steel material

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904L stainless steel material

This is an austenitic stainless steel with moderate to high corrosion resistance across a variety of environments. Its alloying elements allow it to withstand harmful conditions effectively. Even at sub-freezing temperatures, its austenitic structure provides excellent toughness and strength.

Table of Contents

  • Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel 904L
  • Mechanical Properties of SS 904L
  • Physical Properties of INOX AISI 904L
  • Welding Processes for AISI 904L
  • Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for SUS 904L
  • Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 904L
  • Corrosion Rates of 904L Material
  • Chemical Compatibility of Stainless Steel Alloy 904L
  • Temperature Range for UNS N08904
  • Thermal Properties of Type 904L Stainless Steel
  • Equivalent Grades for AISI 904L
  • Specifications of SUS 904L Material
  • Electrical Properties of SAE 904L
  • Applications of DIN 1.4539
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of SS 904L Material
  • Hot Forming of SUS 904L
  • Cold Forming of SS 904L
  • Machining of Stainless Steel Alloy 904L

904L stainless steel material Specification

Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel 904L

Carbon (C)
0.02
Manganese (Mn)
2.00
Phosphorus (P)
0.03
Chromium (Cr)
19.00 – 21.00
Nickel (Ni)
24.00 – 26.00
Molybdenum (Mo)
4.00 – 5.00
Copper (Cu)
1.20 – 2.00

Mechanical Properties of SS 904L

Grade Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min Tensile Strength (MPa) min Elongation (% in 50mm) min Hardness
Brinell (HB) Rockwell B (HR B)
904L 220 490 36 150 70-90 typical

Physical Properties of INOX AISI 904L

Density kg/dm³ 8
Modulus of Elasticity GPa 195
Thermal Capacity J/kg°C 450
Electrical Resistivity µΩm 1
Thermal Conductivity W/m°C 15.8

Alloy 904L Offers Excellent Formability and Weldability

This material is non-magnetic and exhibits superior formability and weldability. These characteristics make it easy to form and weld into various shapes and sizes. It ensures the creation of desired products without damage.

Welding Process for AISI 904L

  • TIG
  • MIG
  • SMAW
  • PAW
  • SAW
welding process

Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for SUS 904L

Yield Strength 0.2% Offset psi (MPa) Ultimate Tensile Strength psi (MPa) Hardness Elongation in 2 in. %
31,000 220 71,000 490 70 – 90 Rockwell B 36

Material 1.4539 is Renowned for Its Corrosion Resistance

As a low-carbon high-alloy austenitic stainless steel, 904L is primarily used for its excellent corrosion resistance. Its copper content enhances its ability to resist corrosion in sulfuric, phosphoric, and acetic acid conditions. It also demonstrates high resistance to pitting in chloride solutions and is resistant to crevice and stress corrosion cracking.

Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 904L

  • Good Resistance to Uniform Corrosion
  • Up to 95°F (35°C)
  • Concentration Range: 0 to 100%
  • Nickel Content: 25%, Suitable Alternative
  • Susceptible to Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • Good Resistance to SCC

Minimum Stress For Failure % of Rp0.2 at 200°C

minimum stress

Typical threshold stresses determined using the drop evaporation test.

Temperature, °C

temprature

Isocorrosion curves 0.1 mm/year, in pure sulfuric acid.

Corrosion Rates of 904L Material

Uniform Corrosion Corrosion Rate (mm/year)
Pickling Acid at 25°C 0.47
Wet Process Phosphoric Acid at 60°C 1.2
Distillation of Tall Oil at 253°C 0.06

SUS 904L Contains High Levels of Chromium, Nickel, and Molybdenum

Its highly alloyed composition ensures good to exceptional corrosion resistance, with nickel and molybdenum providing excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and general corrosion.

Chemical Compatibility of Stainless Steel Alloy 904L

Chemical Compatibility
Sulfuric Acid (Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„) Good resistance; avoid concentrated acid.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Better resistance compared to many other stainless steels, especially at lower temperatures.
Nitric Acid (HNO₃) Good resistance, particularly up to 65% concentration at room temperature.
Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄) Good performance in moderate concentrations and temperatures.
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Resistant, especially in lower concentrations.
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Resistant but prone to stress corrosion cracking in high chloride environments.
Acetone Generally compatible.
Ethanol Generally compatible.
Formic Acid Shows good resistance.
Oxidizing Agents Resistant to many oxidizing agents.
Hydrogen Sulfide (Hâ‚‚S) Susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, especially under high temperature.
SS 904L is a Heat-Resistant Alloy for High-Temperature Applications

Due to its remarkable heat and corrosion resistance, it is suitable for use in high-temperature and harsh environments. This makes it ideal for industries like chemical and petrochemical sectors where corrosive conditions and high temperatures are common. The material maintains its structural integrity under such demanding conditions.

Temperature Range for UNS N08904

Temperature Range Performance
Cryogenic Temperatures (< -200°C / -328°F) Generally suitable
Ambient to Moderate Temperatures (up to ~400°C / 750°F) Excellent performance
High Temperatures (~400°C to 800°C / 750°F to 1470°F) Capable of withstanding moderate temperatures
Exceeding 800°C / 1470°F Not recommended for such high temperatures.

Thermal Properties of Type 904L Stainless Steel

Thermal Properties Metric English
CTE, linear 15.3 µm/m-°C
Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C		 8.50 µin/in-°F
Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
16.5 µm/m-°C
Temperature 20.0 – 400 °C		 9.17 µin/in-°F
Temperature 68.0 – 752 °F
18.2 µm/m-°C
Temperature 20.0 – 800 °C		 10.1 µin/in-°F
Temperature 68.0 – 1470 °F
Specific Heat Capacity 0.460 J/g-°C 0.110 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity 11.5 W/m-K
Temperature 20.0 °C		 79.8 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Temperature 68.0 °F
12.9 W/m-K
Temperature 100 °C		 89.5 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Temperature 212 °F
Reference: 904L Material Equivalent, Composition, and Specifications

The equivalent grade of 904L helps understand how this specific grade is referred to in different countries. This simplifies international trade since consumers can request the same grade by its equivalent name, ensuring the desired properties for their application.

Chemical composition is critical in producing any stainless steel. It imparts strength, toughness, and ductility to the material, enabling it to resist corrosive or harmful conditions. A well-composed structure ensures durability and reliability under specific application conditions.

Specifications define the standardized measures of 904L material, including its properties and characteristics. This information helps determine suitable applications for the material.

Equivalent Grades for AISI 904L

Grade UNS No Old British Swedish SS Euronorm
En BS No Name
904L N08904 – 904S13 2562 1.4539 X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-5

Specifications of SUS 904L Material

  • Trade Names: SS 904L, AISI 904L, INOX 904L, SUS 904L, Stainless Steel 904L, 904L Steel, ASTM 904L
  • Benefits: Non-magnetic, Excellent corrosion properties, Good resistance to sulphuric, Excellent formability and weldability
  • Temperature Range: 850 °C – 1150 °C
  • Features: Lower carbon content leads to resistance to sensitization when welded, Increased resistance to chemical attack from acids

Electrical Properties of SAE 904L

Electrical Properties Metric English
Electrical Resistivity 0.0000952 ohm-cm 0.0000952 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability <= 1.02 <= 1.02

Applications of DIN 1.4539

  • Organic Acid Treatment Systems
  • Sea Water Heat Exchangers
  • Paper Industry Equipment
  • Heat Exchangers
  • Condenser Tubes
  • Gas Scrubbing Plants
  • Pulp and Paper Processing Industries

Advantages and Disadvantages of SS 904L Material

Advantages

  • Excellent Corrosion Resistance
  • Good Strength and Toughness
  • Good Formability and Durability
  • Non-magnetic in the Annealed Condition

Disadvantages

  • Expensive Material
  • Not Ideal for Very High Temperatures
  • Not Suitable for Extremely High-Temperature Applications
  • Potential for Work Hardening

Hot Forming of SUS 904L

  • Working Temperatures: 1562 – 2102°F (850 – 1150°C)
  • Forming Techniques: Forging, Rolling, or Extrusion
  • Solution Annealing: 1940 – 2084°F (1060 – 1140°C)
  • Partial Heating or Cooling: Below 2012°F (1100°C)

Cold Forming of SS 904L

  • Work Hardening: Significant work-hardening occurs; may require intermediate annealing.
  • Nitrogen Requires More Powerful Processing Equipment
  • Ductile and Forms Easily

Machining of Stainless Steel Alloy 904L

  • Less Machinable
  • Challenging Due to Work Hardening
  • Using Proper Tooling and Cutting Fluids
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