Continuous casting slabs or primary rolling slabs are used as raw materials, heated by a stepping furnace, and dephosphorized by high-pressure water, and then enter the roughing mill. The rough rolling material is cut through the head, tail, and then into the finishing mill, and computer-controlled rolling is carried out. After the final rolling, it will go through laminar cooling (computer-controlled cooling rate) and take-up by the coiler to become a straight hair coil. The head and tail of straight hair curls tend to be tongue-shaped and fish-tailed, with poor thickness and width accuracy, and often have wavy, folded, tower-shaped and other defects on the edges. The coil is heavier and the inner diameter of the steel coil is 760mm. (Generally used in the pipe-making industry.) After straightening the hair through the cutting head, tail cutting, trimming and multi-pass straightening and smoothing finishing lines, and then cutting or re-rolling, it becomes: hot rolling Steel plates, flat hot rolled steel coils, slitting tapes and other products. If the hot-rolled finishing coil is pickled to remove scale and coated with oil, it will become a hot-rolled pickled coil.
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Vertical detection technology for atmospheric pollution in terrestrial boundary layer
On [China Instrumentation Network Instrument Development], the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under the National Key Research and Development Program, launched a large-scale atmospheric boundary layer pollution enhancement observation experiment in Wangdu County, Hebei Province. This initiative focuses on vertical detection technology for atmospheric pollution within the terrestrial boundary layer, aiming to enhance our understanding of air quality and pollution dynamics.
The project integrates advanced technologies such as ground-based towers, boat-mounted platforms, and airborne observations, along with multi-data fusion and normalization systems for key meteorological parameters and major pollutants. Led by Dr. Hu Fei, a researcher at the International Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, the project involves collaboration from multiple institutions including Peking University, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Beijing Meteorological Institute, Zhongshan University, and several environmental monitoring centers across China.
The observational campaign is expected to last approximately 10 days. The primary platform used is a 32-meter-long mooring motorboat equipped with a wide range of sensors, including instruments for measuring sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, PM2.5, total volatile organic compounds, aerosol mass spectrometry, particle size distribution, black carbon, and particulate matter. It also features meteorological instruments for wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity, pressure, and three-dimensional turbulent wind and temperature fluctuations.
This test marks the debut of several newly developed instruments, such as the ozone and nitrogen dioxide laser radars, high-altitude turbulent ultrasonic anemometers, and a vorticity-related PM2.5 flux observation system. Additionally, the project plans to conduct experiments using a "soft tower" gradient observation system mounted on a balloon platform during the later stages of the campaign.
According to the project leader, this field test will support the comparison and validation of different pollution detection equipment, data quality control, data integration, standardization, and the development of pollution models. It aims to provide critical vertical detection techniques for air pollution in China, contributing significantly to scientific research and environmental monitoring efforts.
(Source: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University)
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