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Energy is an important material basis for economic and social development. To achieve the ambitious goal of quadrupling China's GDP in 2020 and the sustained high-speed growth of the national economy, it is difficult to solve energy and power shortages by conventional energy alone. Coal, which accounts for 70% of the electricity supply, is coal. The proven remaining reserves are 139 billion tons. According to the 2003 mining rate of 1.667 billion t/a, it can only maintain 83a, which will also bring serious environmental pollution. China's oil resources are insufficient, natural gas resources are not rich enough, and natural uranium resources are in short supply. The economic development capacity of China's hydropower resources is 402 million kW, and the annual power generation is 1.7 trillion kW/h. After 20 to 30 years of development, about 70% will be developed. Water alone cannot solve the shortage of electricity in China. .
China's wind energy resources are very rich. According to the National Meteorological Administration, the surface wind power energy that can be developed and utilized within 10m height in China is about 1 billion kW, of which 250 million kW is land and 750 million kW is sea. If it is extended to a height of 50-60 m or above, Wind resources are expected to expand to 2 to 2.5 billion kW. Therefore, wind power generation is a realistic and important choice for the sustainable development of China's energy.
Wind turbines (mainly grid-connected wind turbines) are the core equipment for wind power generation, and their investment accounts for 60% to 80% of the total investment. The production and manufacturing level of wind turbines is also an important factor reflecting the development level of a country's wind power. Therefore, the conversion from imports to domestic production can greatly reduce the investment of wind power plants, thus effectively promoting the rapid development of wind power.
The gap between China and the world's advanced manufacturing technology
The world's leading wind power equipment manufacturers are mainly in Denmark (wind turbine production accounts for half of the world market), Germany and the United States. Germany is the country with the largest number and capacity of wind turbines in the world, and is also a leading country in wind power technology. The evolution path and development trend of wind power technology represent the development path and development trend of wind power technology in the world to a certain extent. Increasing single-unit capacity, improving energy conversion efficiency, and reducing wind power costs are the improvement targets of wind power technology. Physical parameters that affect the capacity of a single unit include impeller diameter and shaft height. By the late 1990s, MW-class wind turbines could be produced. With the promotion of offshore wind power technology, the proportion of 3~5MW wind turbines in the market is increasing. From 1989 to 2002, the average axial height of German wind turbines was doubled, the impeller diameter was increased by 2 times, and the power generation capacity was increased by about 10 times.
One of the core technologies of modern wind energy utilization technology is to control the stability of the energy output. There are two ways to adjust the wind turbine: First, the pitch is constant, and the adjustment of the generator is adapted to the input of different speeds to ensure the stability of the power output. The advantage of the fixed pitch adjustment technology is that the adjustment is simple and reliable, and the control can be greatly simplified. The disadvantage is that the main force-receiving parts such as the blades, the hub and the tower are increased in force. The second is to adjust the fan speed by changing the pitch to ensure the stability of the motor rotor speed. The advantage of pitch control technology is that it can adjust the pitch for various wind speeds and control the energy output, which has a wider adjustment range of wind speed. The disadvantage is that the adjustment procedure and process design are complicated. However, from the development trend of wind power regulation technology, the pitch adjustment technology is gradually replacing the fixed pitch adjustment technology, and the pitch pitch frequency modulation is the world's advanced mainstream technology.
After 2000, the main models of the world wind power market are megawatts, and the offshore wind turbines have a stand-alone capacity of 3 to 5 MW. From the diameter of the fan blades, the height of the shaft and the adjustment technology of the wind turbine, the gap between China and the world's advanced level is also large. However, in recent years, China's wind turbine manufacturing technology has improved rapidly, and it is expected to shrink and catch up with the advanced level of world wind power equipment manufacturing in the near future.
Suggestions on the construction of wind power in China
China's energy structure and sustainable development of energy must meet the requirements of sustainable development of the national economy. To this end, vigorously developing wind power and rapidly improving the technical level of wind power equipment manufacturing is an urgent task for China's energy construction. According to the current status of China's wind power equipment manufacturing technology and the gap with the world's advanced technology, the following suggestions are proposed.
1 Formulate preferential policies for wind power development
Under the unified leadership and management of the National Development and Reform Commission, formulate preferential policies for wind power construction, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, and vigorously develop wind power. It is recommended to adopt the following policy measures:
(1) stipulate that the power grid management department allows wind power to access the Internet and acquire all online power;
(2) According to the principle of generating electricity cost plus repayment of principal and interest and reasonable profit, the on-grid electricity price is determined, which is higher than the average electricity price of the grid. It is recommended that the state levy an ore energy consumption tax for compensation, and the wind power price shall be dynamically managed, and the accounting and adjustment shall be carried out every year. Maintaining the enthusiasm for the development of wind power;
(3) Wind power equipment manufacturing enterprises are high-tech industries and enjoy the relevant national tax reduction and exemption policies;
(4) Formulate policy-oriented wind power construction and technical standards for wind power equipment manufacturing technology, such as the construction scale of wind power plants and the stand-alone capacity of newly installed wind turbines to meet certain scale and capacity requirements.
2 Introducing manufacturing technology while introducing equipment
It is recommended to build a large-scale wind power plant with a capacity of 1 million kW. It is required to encourage and encourage the project legal person to specify in the procurement bidding documents for wind power equipment: foreign manufacturers must jointly bid with domestic equipment manufacturers, foreign companies are responsible parties, and domestic enterprises are subcontractors. And attach a clear subcontracting ratio, sign a technology transfer agreement for design, manufacturing, maintenance. If a 1 million kW-class wind power plant introduces a world-class wind power equipment manufacturing technology, several 1 million kW-class wind power plants can introduce the world's top wind power manufacturing technology into China's wind power manufacturing enterprises, thereby reducing wind power equipment. The construction cost of Feihe Wind Power Plant will promote the vigorous development of wind power construction.
3 introduction of digestion and attention process control
It is recommended that the state invest a certain amount of supporting funds to support domestic enterprises to carry out the transformation and upgrading of production equipment, and pay attention to:
(1) Before the bidding, domestic and foreign wind power equipment enterprises should actively participate in the exchanges with the project legal person and design unit, and learn about the information of foreign enterprises;
(2) In the bidding stage, actively create conditions for domestic enterprises, find foreign partners who are willing to transfer design and manufacturing technologies, sign transfer agreements, and participate in bidding;
(3) At the stage of the medium-label contract, domestic enterprises should actively participate in problem clarification, contract negotiation, and attach the transfer agreement as an annex to the contract, which has statutory effect;
(4) In the design stage of the project, domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises jointly design, and participate in various design liaison meetings held by project legal persons, engineering design units and foreign enterprises, so as to master the combination of wind power equipment design and engineering design or specific engineering. (5) After the transformation of the production equipment, the part of the subcontract is specifically manufactured under the guidance and supervision of the foreign party;
(6) Performing overall manufacturing on the basis of certain experience in subcontract manufacturing;
(7) Whether it is manufacturing abroad or domestic manufacturing, domestic manufacturers should participate in the installation, commissioning and trial operation of the equipment, and find problems in order to better improve product quality or find improvement points.
4 Introduce and innovate after digestion
On the basis of introduction and digestion, it is recommended that domestic enterprises re-innovate according to the requirements of the two aspects. 1 According to the problems found during the installation and commissioning and trial operation and the requirements put forward by the operating unit, the transformation is carried out in a targeted manner to make the imported wind power equipment more perfect, the performance index is higher, and the operation is more reliable. In a sense, this It is also an innovation. 2 Based on the introduction and digestion, combined with the characteristics of China's wind energy resources to develop new wind turbine equipment. For example, the wind resources of the two major wind belts in China (the three northern regions and the southeast coast) are quite different from those in Europe and North America. There are cold and cold temperatures and dust problems in the north, typhoons, anti-corrosion and lightning protection problems in the south, and the introduction of wind power equipment. Based on the research and development of China's specific conditions, we can make the imported technology re-innovation.
Suggestions on the development of wind power equipment manufacturing technology in China
The sun shines on the surface of the earth, and the surface of the earth is heated differently, creating a temperature difference, which causes the convective movement of the atmosphere to form the wind, and the energy it carries is wind energy. The wind blows the fan to rotate, which drives the generator to generate electricity, that is, wind power, that is, wind power. Wind energy is a form of conversion of solar energy and is a renewable natural energy source that does not produce any pollution emissions. Compared with solar, bio, geothermal and ocean energy generation, wind power is the new energy source with the most commercial and economic development conditions in the current technology and economy.