I understand it in one article: fingerprint recognition technology, past and present

I understand it in one article: fingerprint recognition technology, past and present

For many years, the alias of capacitive fingerprint sensing technology is “living fingerprint recognition”. The banking industry is hard to stipulate that optical fingerprint recognition technology cannot be used. Since human invention invented fingerprint recognition, fingerprint recognition has been evolving. Today, there are capacitive fingerprinting technology companies that have self-explosive capacitive type without in vivo detection capability (instead of insufficient living detection capability), which has shocked the industry!
So, what are the important nodes for the development of fingerprint recognition? What is the initial fingerprint identification? With the above questions, let's talk about the past and present of fingerprint recognition.
In the early 19th century, scientists discovered two fingerprint mysteries. One is that the fingerprint patterns of two different fingers are different, and the other is that the fingerprint pattern does not change for life. The results of this research have made fingerprints officially applied in crime identification. In the 1960s, as computers were able to process graphics efficiently, people began to study the use of computers to process fingerprints. For more than half a century, fingerprint identification applications are now ubiquitous in all aspects of our lives. Mobile payments, work punches, and community entry are inseparable. Let us take a look at the past and present of fingerprint recognition today. See if this fingerprint exists in our tests.
"Previous life and life" of equipment fingerprint
In the early days, in some online scenarios where security requirements were very high, for example, some banks' online banking often used pure hardware technology such as U-Shield to track the business subject, which is the positioning of "who". At the same time, because the business often happens in the browser page, and the browser is an application that belongs to the upper layer of the operating system, the script code running in it is limited by the sandbox, so the user also needs to install one that can jump out of the browser sandbox. The control that directly interfaces with the operating system to read the security data inside the U shield.
Relatively speaking, this is very safe. However, with the development of the Internet, the combination of this "control" + "U shield" has become increasingly obsolete. The author summarizes the following reasons:
1. The user experience of using the control is very poor, and it requires a lengthy installation and update process, which is difficult for ordinary users to operate;
2, the mobile Internet has become the absolute mainstream, and iOS, Android and other mobile Internet portals do not support controls;
3, not only on the mobile side, some controls are very small in the PC end, many only support the IE kernel browser on the PC. At the same time, Chrome and Firefox and other large desktop browsers are also phasing out the use of controls;
4. The local overflow vulnerability based on the control is endless, and the user is very easy to trojan or be phishing, but it will cause serious harm to the security of the system.
Based on the above points, the fingerprint technology of web devices that rely purely on js is gradually being used by more and more vendors. It has the advantages of "free installation", "dynamic update", "users are not aware", "compatible with mobile and desktop operating system browsers". In addition, since js is naturally limited by the browser sandbox, in some scenarios where security is more demanding, the fingerprinting technology of SDK devices embedded in various apps is also widely used.
Identify the originator - optical fingerprint recognition
The earliest fingerprint recognition system was optical fingerprint recognition. At that time, the fingerprint recognition sensor uses a glass surface layer. Since the finger will leave a fingerprint on the glass, there is a fluorescent light-emitting layer under the glass surface, and the light-emitting layer illuminates the fingerprint pattern formed by the contact between the finger and the glass. The image sensor scans and scans the fingerprint pattern to match the fingerprint image in the memory to complete an authentication.
Since light does not penetrate the surface of the skin (ie, the layer of dead skin), only the surface of the finger can be scanned. If the fingerprint is covered with dead skin or excessive dust. Or there is damage and staining, which will directly affect the scanning results. At the same time, since the optical fingerprint sensor only scans the two-dimensional image of the finger and the glass, and does not detect the fingerprint material, the fingerprint reader can be easily fooled by taking a fingerprint of another person's fingerprint in the series of "Mission Impossible" movies.
Since the discovery, optical fingerprint recognition technology has not been eliminated, and there are reasons for it. The optical fingerprint recognition environment is more adaptable, and the life expectancy is longer and the cost is lower. The optical fingerprint recognition module collection window is mostly tempered glass, which is strong in pressure resistance and easy to clean, and can work in various environments. Since the optical recognition system identification module is separate from the pressing module and does not worry that the user destroys the identification module when pressed, it is less likely to be damaged compared to other direct-press identification module fingerprint recognition systems. At the same time, the optical identification system is cheaper due to the simpler manufacturing process. Most fingerprint attendance machines and some smart locks still use optical fingerprint recognition systems.
Up-and-coming star - capacitive fingerprint recognition
Later, the second generation fingerprint identification system, the capacitive fingerprint recognition system, was adopted. The capacitive sensor technology used alternating commands and arranged and the sensor board. The alternating plate form was two capacitor plates, and the fingerprint valley and the ridge became the board. Dielectric between. A constant dielectric sensor detects changes between the two to generate a fingerprint image. Capacitive fingerprint sensors are divided into two types of scratch-type sensors that appear earlier and two types of push-type sensors that are widely used.
However, the capacitive fingerprint sensor has a low recognition rate for difficult fingers such as dirty fingers and wet fingers, and requires high finger cleanliness. At the same time, since the surface of the sensor is made of silicon, it is very easy to damage, resulting in a reduced service life. Therefore, capacitive fingerprint sensing systems still have a long way to go.
Future Star - RF Fingerprinting
Fingerprint recognition has gone a step further after the first two generations of replacement. In the past two years, the emerging RF fingerprint recognition can detect the specific shape of the fingerprint by reflecting the specific frequency signal. Such fingerprint recognition systems are divided into two types: radio wave detection and ultrasonic detection. The principle is similar to the sonar for detecting seabed substances.
If the first two generations of fingerprint recognition technology are concerned with the speed and accuracy of unlocking, but for the user, the troubles that may be faced are, for example, water on the finger or peeling of the winter finger, the fingerprint recognition will be invalid. Radio frequency fingerprint recognition for dry fingers, sweaty fingers, dirty fingers and other difficult fingers can be as high as 99%, strong fingerprint security, fingerprint sensor recognition principle only responds to human dermis skin, fundamentally eliminate artificial fingerprint problems, and it Also suitable for areas that are particularly cold or particularly hot. Because RF sensors produce high quality images, RF technology is the most reliable and powerful fingerprint identification solution. In addition, high-quality images also allow for the reduction of sensors without sacrificing the reliability of authentication, thereby reducing costs and allowing RF sensor ideas to be applied to any field that is mobile and unregulated. However, such fingerprint recognition sensors are too expensive at this stage and have not been promoted. I hope that this technology can be widely used in society in the future.
What is the "good" device fingerprint?
Many people don't understand the fingerprint of the device, and it is easy to entangle in some meaningless mechanisms and parameters from the beginning. Let's discuss what is a "good" device fingerprint.
1, does not infringe user privacy
This is the red line that all device fingerprint products need to strictly adhere to. Intrusion of user privacy, based on user sensitive information (such as user browsing history, user-entered sensitive data, etc.), the device fingerprint product, even if the function is more powerful, is meaningless, needless to say.
2. Balance of security and user experience
A good device fingerprint needs to find a balance between security and user experience; in fact, this concept can be derived to a broader level, that is, "security protection should be a balance between security and business development."
For security practitioners, this is the first criterion we have to keep in mind - security is always for the business. The elimination of "hard" device fingerprints (U shield) mentioned above and the development of "soft" device fingerprints (js, SDK) is a strong testimony to this concept. Although the "soft" device fingerprint is slightly less functional and safe in some cases, it has been greatly improved in the user experience, and then combined with other dimensions of comprehensive risk identification, the practice proves that the "soft" device fingerprint mechanism is effective. And the risk is controllable.
Conclusion: The continuous advancement of technology has made our lives more convenient and safe. As a simple and reliable method for identity verification, fingerprint recognition has become very mature and widely used. I believe that in the future it will find more value in the new field.

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