Hydrometallurgical development process

Hydrometallurgical chemical action of a solvent, in an aqueous solution oxidation, reduction, neutralization, hydrolysis, substitution reaction, etc., and a coordination of different materials (raw ore beneficiated concentrate or the calcined pretreated Metallurgical process for separation, enrichment and extraction of valuable metals in calcine, intermediates or secondary regeneration resources. With the continuous reduction of ore grades and stricter requirements for environmental protection, hydrometallurgy plays an important role in the smelting process of non-ferrous metals, rare metals and precious metals. Especially for the development and utilization of complex, low-grade ore resources, comprehensive recovery and regeneration of valuable metals, and environmentally friendly smelting processes, it also shows its superiority.

The ancient hydrometallurgical technology can be traced back to the Northern Song Dynasty when the copper was produced by the bile- copper method. In the "Song History·Arts and Records", there is an introduction of "The Copper Dipping Outline"; in foreign countries, Spain Rio Tinto (Rio) Tinto) began to produce copper by wet method in 1752. The process is basically the same as that of the Northern Song Dynasty. The important progress is that the copper sulfide ore is artificially calcined instead of relying on natural weathering. At the same time, the Russian Gumeshevski (Гумещевский) mine also began to produce copper by wet method. 1889, Austrian chemist Bayer (Bayer KJ) of the invention, the Bayer process to produce alumina bauxite by hydrometallurgical methods, and obtained in large-scale industrial applications. Subsequently, hydrometallurgical extraction of gold, silver and wet refining processes have successively entered industrialization.

Modern hydrometallurgy can be thought of as beginning in the middle of the Second World War or in the early 1950s, mainly in the following aspects:

First, the development of nuclear weapons and the needs of the nuclear energy industry have led to great developments in wet extraction of uranium from ore and post-treatment of nuclear reactor fuels.

2. In the early 1950s, the application of pressurized hydrometallurgical technology developed by Sherritt Gordon of Canada to non-ferrous metal sulfide ore (Ni, Co, Cu, etc.) was successful, including pressure leaching. Sulfide ore and metal powder obtained from solution by pressurized oxygen reduction, and large-scale industrial production is realized.

Third, the extraction and refining technologies of some rare metals (such as W, Mo, Nd, Ta, etc.) and semiconductor materials (such as Ga, Ge, In, Tl, etc.) have been rapidly developed since the early 1950s.

4. Traditional methods of separation and purification of chemical precipitation, hydrolysis, and displacement have been gradually replaced by emerging separation techniques such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, and membrane separation techniques.

It can also be said that modern hydrometallurgy is a combination of typical chemical and metallurgical. It draws on the principles, methods and techniques of modern chemical engineering to enhance existing metallurgical extraction processes and to develop new wet separation methods and processes. Due to the intersection and mutual penetration of disciplines, the rapid development of hydrometallurgical technology has been promoted.

Strut Mount

Shock strut mounts are an essential component of a vehicle's suspension system. They are responsible for connecting the Shock Absorber to the vehicle's chassis, providing a stable and smooth ride for the driver and passengers.
There are several different types of shock strut mounts available, including rubber, and Metal mounts.