The cheetah command vehicle is commonly found in places where disasters occur. This kind of command vehicle is highly cost-effective and has complete vehicle functions. It can meet the needs of disaster relief and rescue operations, and it is a favorable command platform for disaster relief work. There are some common faults in the Cheetah command vehicle . We will analyze some routines and troubleshooting methods for everyone today. We hope that we can better help us cope with the disaster. First, it takes a long time before the engine starts to release the parking brake and the vehicle startup time is longer. This kind of phenomenon in vehicles may cause time delays in the rescue command. Because some vehicles start slow and gradually accumulate, it may take more than ten minutes to start the vehicle, and it is also prone to dangerous situations after startup. This phenomenon may be caused by a leak in the piping of the brake system. If you do not hear the brake system leaking sound, it may be the reason for braking the relay valve, you can also check the spring stiffness of the vehicle's composite brake air chamber. All these places may cause slow start-ups. If there are no loopholes, you can choose to replace the spring of the four-circuit protection valve to restore the pressure value, which can solve the problem of parking brake. Second, the vehicle is relatively stable at low speeds, and it is prone to turbulence at high speeds, and even worse at acceleration. If this happens, the vehicle's oil line should be checked first, and the fuel filter, the fuel pump filter, and the fuel tank should be inspected. It may be due to too much dust in the fuel tank. In addition, the air flow sensor of the vehicle should be inspected, and it can be determined whether the first cylinder or the second cylinder is working normally. It is recommended to replace the air flow sensor so that most of the problems can be solved. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the air flow sensor can not work properly and the air volume of the engine cannot be measured correctly, so that the fuel injection amount cannot be controlled normally, and finally the situation of turbulence occurs during driving. Third, the vehicle was not used for a long time in winter. After adding water to the water tank, the oil appeared milky white and was discharged from the air vent of the valve after starting. This situation is mainly due to the mixed deterioration of engine oil and water, and the oil exceeds the highest scale of the oil dipstick. The location of engine leakage should be determined in a timely manner, then repaired, and used to clean the engine with gasoline, oil radiators, oil filters and other equipment can be replaced, which can effectively solve this problem.
As for aluminum PCB, we will elaborate on the following aspects
As a Chinese PCB manufacturer, Jinghongyi PCB has rich experience in manufacturing aluminium PCB board. It provides customers with high-quality aluminium PCB manufacturing and one-stop aluminium PCB turnkey assembly services, prompt delivery on time, and competitive prices.
Using a specific PCB structure is usually a better solution. The commonly used solution is the metal core structure. With this solution, the printed circuit board is composed of aluminum plates bearing track patterns. Thermoelectric insulators are used between the track and the board so that heat can pass through the metal core structure, such as the Metal Core PCB.
Firstly, Flexible aluminium PCB is a new flexible dielectric developed in the development of aluminium products. It is also a kind of flexible circuit board. Because of the combination of polyimide resin and ceramic filter, it has high flexibility, thermal efficiency and excellent electrical insulation. When used in aluminium PCB products, the expensive cables and connectors no longer need to be used.
The task of aluminum core circuit board is to dissipate the heat generated by power components. Therefore, we recommend installing pure power components in this part of the circuit. The control unit shall be installed on a separate standard PCB.
Aluminum PCB,Aluminum PCB Led,Aluminum Core PCB,Aluminum Circuit Board JingHongYi PCB (HK) Co., Limited , https://www.pcbjhy.com
Aluminum Printed Circuit Board, Recognized Best Solutions for High Power and High Thermal Conductivity
What is Aluminum PCB
Among all metal core PCBs, aluminum core PCB is the most common type, also known as IMS (Isolated Metal Substrate). Due to its low cost, non-toxic and environmental protection, higher durability and lightweight characteristics, aluminum clad PCB is widely used, and its main task is to dissipate the heat generated by power components. For example, it is used in high-power LED lighting power supply, power module, automobile power controller, computer CPU motherboard, etc.
According to the different design structure and application scenarios of aluminium PCB, there are mainly Flexible aluminium PCB, mixed aluminium PCB, multi-layer aluminium PCB, through-hole aluminium PCB and so on.
More Detailed Introduction of Aluminium PCB
Using heat-sinks increases the costs and makes assembly more difficult, and the extra weight and volume can cause problems.Safe and effective heat dissipation is very important in applications where high power components generate a lot of heat. Although forced cooling is a method, the disadvantage of forced cooling is that it produces disturbing noise, vibration and increased energy consumption while refrigerating. The use of additional radiators increases costs and makes assembly more difficult, and additional weight and volume can cause other unnecessary problems.
While LED lighting is widely used, it is also necessary to eliminate the heat generated by LED lighting. Therefore, the development of LED lighting industry directly leads to the increase of PCB using aluminium core. At the same time, the market demand of LED PCB board is also growing.
Copper may be used as an alternative.
For high-power LED, most customers use aluminum-based PCB; for low-power LED, standard Fr4 PCB is also available. Our PCB manufacturing specifications and construction of most types of metal-based printed circuit boards.
Aluminum Based PCBs are a unique metal-based copper clad laminate. These types of Printed Circuit Boards have good thermal conductivity, electrical insulation and very solid machining performance.
They are also known as Aluminum Clad, Aluminum base, MCPCB (Metal Clad Printed Circuit Board), IMS (Insulated Metal Substrate), Thermally Conductive PCBs etc. Aluminum PCBs were developed in the 1970s, soon after which they`re applications increased dramatically. The first application was their use in Amplification Hybrid Integrated Circuits. Now they are being used at a large scale due to which it is necessary for us to have an idea of Aluminum PCBs and their importance.
Aluminum PCB Structure
AluminumPCBs are actually quite similar to FR4 PCBs. The basic structure of Aluminum PCBs is four layered. It consists of a layer of copper foil, a dielectric layer, an aluminum base layer and aluminum base membrane.
Aluminum PCB Advantages
Aluminum PCB Applications
Types of Aluminum PCB
Flexible circuit boards have unparalleled flexibility, so flexible aluminum PCB can be arbitrarily folded, twisted or formed in any other desired form. However, it should be noted that once a specific shape is formed, it can no longer be changed like other conventional flexible circuit boards. Or deform.
In hybrid aluminum construction, non-thermal material is processed and refined separately before it is applied to the thermal materials with aluminum base.
The most common practice is developing 2 layer or 4 layer structure which comprises of FR4 material.
A non thermal material that is bonded with thermal material and aluminum base provides rigidity and helps in the dissipation of heat.
This non thermal bonding is preferred over using all thermal materials because it features less cost and encompasses efficient thermal conductance over regular FR4 products.
No heat sinks or assembly steps are required for the development of this product.
Through hole components can be easily adjusted using component windows on the aluminum base.
This helps in passing the cables and connectors through substrate. Also the seal created by solder fillet eliminates the need of costly adopters.
Multilayer Aluminum PCBs are very common in power supply products and come with multiple layers of thermally conductive dielectrics.
These materials are very useful when they are combined with one or more layer of circuitry in which thermally conductive dielectric is buried between the layers with the help of blind vias which also act as a signal or thermal vias.
Single layer construction of these designs is not very effective, however, when they come with more complex designs they provide an ideal solution for many applications involving heat dissipation.
When it comes to most complex constructions, a single layer of aluminum is back-filled and pre-drilled with before applying lamination, forming a Core of a multilayer constructions.
Thermal bonding materials are then used to laminate the thermal materials on both sides of the aluminum.
Once lamination is done, drilling is applied on the assembly.
In order to maintain proper electrical insulation, the plated through holes created as the result of drilling must pass through aluminum clearances.
Aluminum PCB Performance
Classification of Aluminum PCB
Manufacturing Difficulties of Aluminum PCB
The manufacturing process for nearly all aluminum PCBs is essentially the same. Here we will discuss the major manufacturing processes, the difficulties and their solutions.
Key Requirements When Selecting an Aluminum PCB Manufacturer
For the most part, all PCB manufacturing follows the same production process regardless of where they are made. The only true differences in suppliers is the level of automation in their process, the newest technology and equipment, and having specific equipment designed to focus on certain types of end products.
For aluminum PCBs, there are several key items that a PCB manufacturer needs to consider if they are going to be able to effectively produce aluminum PCBs in any quantity, including:
Many of our aluminum backed PCBs go into LED applications that are much longer than the standard 18" x 24" or 20" x 24" production panels used in traditional PCB manufacturing. To be able to accurately register and economically produce these parts, a manufacturer must have either a custom piece of 60" wide UV light imaging equipment or a setup capable of screen printing (at one time) an image and then UV curing through an oven.
The old manufacturing process of screen printing half the image and then trying to hand register the first image while screen print the second half is much less effective.
The more common equipment that can V score through traditional FR-4 materials is not suited to manage aluminum PCBs. To get the lowest cost possible, we need to get the best yield possible, which means we need to be able to place these parts as close as possible to each other on the production panel. Without V scoring, you must mechanically rout the parts out, which could result in up to 20% loss of your yield, subsequently increasing cost.
Our engineering team has many years of experience helping our customers design arrays that are the most cost effective for them to depanelize.
For aluminum PCBs that are round or have unique features – (slots, large holes, cutouts, etc.) – you will want a manufacturer that can punch out these features. Trying to mechanically rout aluminum PCBs is a very costly way to get these features done in a production environment.
A unique requirement of aluminum PCB is that customers want to know that the product they are getting has passed a hi-pot test. While most PCB manufacturers can do this, it is usually a separate process in a lab that is not located in electrical testing. Epec`s electrical test set up includes a hi-pot test, which dramatically reduces cost for the customer.
The following table presents some of our Aluminum Core materials:
Check our Aluminum core PCB manufacturing capabilities in the following table:
Design Guidelines For Aluminum PCB
Drilling distances and diameters
In case of double-sided aluminium-core circuits, the aluminium core must be insulated against throughplating. This is done using an excess of resin when press-moulding the aluminium core with prepregs and copper or by plugging. To this end, the aluminium core must be pre-drilled.
The smallest drilling diameter in the aluminium core is 1,0 mm, the smallest final diameter in the PCB is 0,3 mm. So that the drills are not damaged in these close-set drill holes, a minimum spacing of 1,2 mm is required. This is generally the knock-out criteria for a densely-packed control unit.
Variants of aluminium core circuits
Normally, this variant only has drill holes for fastenings.
Copper foils are laminated onto both sides of an aluminium core using prepreg. The PCB can be through-plated. This means that it is also possible to produce multilayers with a 0,5 mm aluminium core.
Completed PCBs are press-moulded to an aluminium carrier using a prepreg. Benefit: Multilayers can also be used (only single-sided SMD). Partial aluminium carriers are possible. Disadvantage: Poor heat dissipation, as the heat has to be dissipated through the entire PCB.
One further possibility is a rigid-flex PCB structure, where the aluminium carrier works as the rigid area of the PCB. This means that it is also possible, for example, to connect a control unit as a plug connector over the exposed flex area.
Basics of Heat Transfer
At a basic level, a discussion about heat transfer includes two topics: temperature and heat flow. Temperature represents the level of thermal energy that`s available, while heat flow represents thermal energy movement from one place to another.
Microscopically, thermal energy is directly related to a molecule`s kinetic energy. The greater the temperature of a material, the greater the thermal agitation of its molecules. It`s normal for areas that contain a lot of kinetic energy to pass it along to areas with less kinetic energy.
There are some material properties that effectively modulate heat that`s transferred between two areas at different temperatures. These include thermal conductivities, material densities, fluid velocities and fluid viscosities. Together, these properties make resolving many heat transfer problems pretty complicated.
The Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Heat transfer mechanisms can be grouped into three broad categories:
HELP RESOURCES
Quick Turn Aluminum PCB
Aluminium PCB Board for LED
Aluminium Base Metal Core PCB
Aluminum PCBs vs. Standard PCBs
Using aluminium in flexible Circuits Board
Things You Need To Know About Aluminum PCBs
Common faults and investigations of Cheetah command vehicle>
Next Article
LED advertising car introduction
Prev Article
How to Buy Vehicle Insurance